Networking Dictionary

Language or terms or names that we often hear in the world of computer networks are summarized below and will continue to be renewed to increase our knowledge.


Network: network (network) is a collection of two or more computer systems are connected.

Local-Area Network (LAN): a computer that is connected is in place that are geographically close together (eg a building).


Wide-Area Network (WAN): a connected computer located in a remote place and connected by phone line or radio waves.


Topology: connectivity setup between computer systems. There are a variety of topologies such as bus, star, and ring.


Protocol: the protocol defines a group of rules and signals used by computers on the network to communicate. The most popular LAN protocol is Ethernet. Other LAN protocol that is widely used is the IBM token-ring network.c. architecture: the network can be classified into the architecture of peer-to-peer or client / server.

NICs: NIC (network interface card) is the expansion boards are used so that computers can be connected to the network. Most NICs are designed for networks, protocols, and certain media. NIC cards are commonly referred to as LAN (Local Area Network Card).

Backbone: Backbone is a channel or high-speed connection to the main path in a network. Bandwidth: Bandwidth indicates the capacity of carrying information. This term can be used in many ways: telephone, cable network, buses, radio frequency signals, and monitors. Most appropriate, bandwidth is measured by rotation per second (cycles per second), or hertz (Hz), ie the difference between the lowest and highest frequency that can be transmitted. But it is also frequently used measure of bits per second (bps).

Bridge: Bridge is a device that forwards traffic between network segments based on information on the data link layer. This segment has the same network layer address. Every network should only have a major bridge.

DNS: DNS (domain name system) is a system that translates Internet domain, such as www.microsoft.com into Internet addresses, ie a series of numbers that look like 101.232.12.5. The term control related to the convention for naming the host on the Internet and the way of handling these names.

Ethernet: Ethernet is a LAN protocol developed by Xerox Corporation in cooperation with DEC and Intel in 1976. Ethernet uses a bus or star topology and supporting data transfers up to 10 Mbps. Newer version of Ethernet, called 100Base-T (or Fast Ethernet), supports data transfer up to 100 Mbps, and the newest version, Gigabit Ethernet, supports data transfer up to 1 Gigabit per second or 1000 Mbps.

Fast Ethernet: Ethernet Fast Ethernet as usual, but with a speed faster data transfer, up to 100 mbps. It also called 100BaseT Ethernet.

Gateway: The term gateway refers to hardware or software that bridges the two applications or networks that are not compatible, so that data can be transferred between different computers. One example usage is on the email gateway, so that an email exchange can be performed on different systems.

GPS: GPS (Global Positioning System) navigation system uses 24 satellites MEO (medium earth orbit or middle earth orbit) that surrounds the earth and the recipients of the earth. Satellites orbit at an altitude of about 12,000 miles above the earth and capable around the earth twice in 24 hours. GPS satellites continuously transmit digital radio signals containing satellite location data and associated time at receiver. GPS satellites equipped with atomic clocks with a precision of one per one million seconds. Based on this information, the receiving station knows how long it will be used to send signals to receivers on earth. The longer the time spent to get to the recipient, the more distant position from the satellite receiving station. by knowing the position of satellites, the receiver knows that the satellite is located at a certain position on the imaginary spherical surface centered on the satellite. By using three satellites, GPS can calculate the latitude and longitude of the receiver based on the intersection of the three imaginary ball. By using four satellites, can also be determined height. GPS was developed and operated by the U.S. Defense Department. GPS, originally known as NAVSTAR (Navigation System with Timing and Ranging). Prior to the broader purposes, GPS is used to provide navigation capabilities at all times and in all weather for military land, sea, and air forces. In addition to navigation and geographic positioning, GPS can also use them for mapping, forestry, mineral exploration, wild habitat management, and monitoring of population movement.

Host: Host is a computer system that is accessed by users who work in a remote location. Usually, the term is used if there are two computer systems connected to the modem and phone line. The system contains data that is called the host, while the system is used to assess from a distance is called a remote terminal. The term is also used to refer to the host computer connected to the network TCP / IP, including the Internet. Each host has a unique IP address. In addition, the term also refers to the host computer services infrastructure provision. For example, many companies that host Web servers, which means that the company provides hardware, software, and communication channels required by the server, but the content server (data) is controlled by another party. ISP (Internet Service Provider): ISP (Internet service provider) is an Internet service provider. Most ISPs have a network of servers (mail, news, Web), routers, modems are connected with the connection "backbone" of a permanent Internet and high speed. ISP customers can get an Internet connection with modem and telephone. To access the ISP's Internet subscribers have to dial into the network by dialing the phone number
s certain ISPs.

Internet: The Internet is a global network that connects millions of computers. Since 1999 the Internet has had 200 million users worldwide, and this number is increasing rapidly. More than 100 countries connect to the Internet to exchange data, news and other information. Every computer connected to the Internet are called hosts.

ISDN: ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is an international communications standard for sending voice, video and data over digital telephone lines or normal telephone wires. ISDN has a data transfer speed of 64 Kbps. Most ISDN lines offered by telephone companies which allows two channels, called B channels (B channels). One line can be used for voice and another for the other and both have data transfer rates of 128 Kbps. Early versions of ISDN using baseband transmission. Other versions of ISDN, the B-ISDN, uses broadband transmission and can support data transmission speed of 1.5 Mbps.

Protocol (IP): Language or related procedures used by one computer system with other systems so that between the two can be mutually berhububngan. To be able to communicate. Both systems must use the same protocol. PPP (Point To Point Protocol): TCP / IP protocol that allows the relationship between host and network between the router with a router or can be used for serial connection between 2 systems.

Repeater: A device that is placed at specific points in the network to update the signals are transmitted to reach back to its original strength and shape, in order to extend the distance that can be achieved. It's in need because the signals have weakening and changes in shape during transmission.

Router: A device that serves to connect a LAN to an internetworking / WAN and manage the distribution of data traffic in it. Routing: The process of determining a path that is in use to send data to a specific destination.

RJ-45: RJ-45 (Registered Jack-45) was eight-wire connector that is usually used to connect computers into a local-area network (LAN), especially Ethernets. RJ-45 connectors are similar to RJ-11 connector used in telephone connections, but bigger.

Server: A unit that serves to store information and to manage a network komputer.komputer server will serve the whole client or worstation that connect to its network.

TCP / IP: TCP / IP Transmission Control Protocol are two protocols developed by the U.S. military that allows computers on the network can be interconnected. IP is used to transfer data packets antarsimpul. TCP be used for verifying delivery from client to server. TCP / IP is the foundation of the Internet and can be found on all modern operating systems, like Unix and Windows.

Topology: The topology of computer networks is a form of interconnection arrangements between computer systems. there are a variety of topologies such as bus, star, ring.

UTP: UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) is a type of cable consisting of two wire was wrapped in a spiral. UTP cables are widely used in local-area networks (LANs) and telephone lines because the price is cheaper. UTP cable is not as good as coaxial cable and fiber optics in terms of providing bandwidth and resilience to interference.

VLAN: VLAN (virtual local-area network) is a computer network that seemed to connect using the same cable though it may be physically located on the LAN to another. VLANs are configured through software and not hardware, which makes it very fleksible.Salah of the benefits of VLANs is that if a computer is physically moved to another location, the computer remains on the same VLAN without any hardware reconfiguration.

VPN: VPN (virtual private network) is a secure private internet connection and encrypted to ensure that only entitled users can access and data trasfer is done can not be bothered.

VSAT: VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) earth station used in satellite communications of data signals, voice, and video, except for transmitting television. VSAT consists of two parts: a transceiver that is put in place open so it can directly receive signals from a satellite and a device that is placed in the room to connect the transceiver and the end user communication devices (end user), such as PC.Transceiver receive and send signals to the transponder satellites outside the space. The satellite sends and receives signals from earth station computer that serves as a hub system. Any users who are connected with stasiunhub through satellite, forming a star topology. hub to control all operations on the network. All transmissions to communicate between the user must go through stasiunhub who passed them on to the satellite and VSAT kepengguna another. VSAT can transmit data up to speeds of 56 Kbps.

WAN: WAN wide area network is a connected computer located in a remote place and relationships with telephone lines or radio waves.

Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity is the official trade name for IEEE 802.11b Wireless Ethernet Compatibility made by the Alliance (WECA). The term Wi-Fi to replace 802.11b as well as replacing the term Ethernet IEEE 802.3. Products that are certified by WECA as Wi-Fi can operate together even though made by different companies.

Workstation: On a network computer, workstation is a computer that is connected with a local-area network (LAN). The term is also used to refer to a workstation computer used for engineering applications (CAD / CAM), desktop publishing, software development, and other applications that require level of computing and graphics capabilities simply tinggi.Workstation usually consists of a large graphics display with high revolution, at least 64 MB of RAM, built-in network support, and graphical user interface.Sebagian workstation also has a large storage devices such as disk drives, but the type of specialized workstations, called diskless workstations, do not have disk drives. The operating system is widely used for workstations are UNIX and Windows NT. As with PCs, most workstations are single-user computers, however, basically a workstation connected to a local area network, although it can also sebgian stand-alone systems that stand alone.

100BaseT: 100BaseT Fast Ethernet is another name that has a transmission speed up to 100 mbps. 100BaseT type is more expensive than 10BaseT and more rarely used in local area network (LAN).

10Base2: 10Base2 is one type of standard Ethernet (IEEE802.3) for local area network (LAN). Standard 10 Base-2 (also called thinnet) koasial 50 ohm cable (RG-58A / U) with a maximum length of 185 meter.kabel is smaller and more flexible than that used for standard 10 Base 5. 10 Base-2 system operates at 10 Mbps and uses baseband transmission methods.

10 Base5: 10 Base-5 adalqh initial standard for Ethernet that uses koasial cable. names of 10 Base5 is based on the fact that the maximum data transfer speed is 10 Mbps. Baseband transmission, and the maximum cable length is 500 meters. 10 Base5 also called Thick Wire or thick Net.

10BaseT: 10BaseT Ethernet is the most common type. The name indicates that the maximum transmission speed is 10Mbps. 10BaseT uses copper wires and is a standard card to connect computers on a local area network (LAN).

ADSL or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line is a form of DSL technology. Characteristic of ADSL is its asymmetric, namely that the data transferred in a different speed from one side to another.

Dial-up connection or dial-up only is the term information technology in the English language that refers to access the Internet using fixed telephone lines or mobile phone. First of all, the computer through a modem to call a phone (dial-up) to Internet Service Providers. Once connected, the computer can quickly access the Internet and then end the connection by disconnecting the phone.

Modem stands for modulator derived from demodulator. Modulator is the part that converts the signal into the information signal (carrier) and ready for delivery, while the demodulator is the part that separates the information signal (which contain data or messages) of the received carrier signal so that information can be received well. Modem is a merger of both, it means the modem is a two-way communication tool. Any long-distance communication device generally uses two-way section called "modem", such as VSAT, Microwave Radio, and so forth, but generally the term modem is better known as the hardware that is often used for communication on the computer.

Gateway is a device used to connect one computer network with one or more computer networks that use different communications protocols so that information from one network computer can be given to other computer network protocol is different. Definition is the definition of the main gateway.

Firewall or wall-fire is a system or device that allows network traffic that is considered safe to pass through and prevent network traffic that is not safe. Generally, a wall-fire applied in a dedicated machine, running on the gateway (gateway) between the local network and other networks. Wall-fire is generally also used to control access to anyone who has access to a private network from outside parties. Today, the term firewall is a common term that refers to systems that regulate communication between two different networks. Given the many companies currently have access to the Internet and also of course incorporated in it a network, the protection of digital capital of the company from attack by hackers, pemata-eye, or other data thieves, into nature.


WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a broadband wireless access technology (broadband wireless access or BWA abbreviated) which has a high-speed access to a broad range. WiMAX is an evolution from previous BWA technology with features that are more interesting. Besides the high data rates can be given, WiMAX is also a technology with open standards. WiMAX devices in the sense of communication between different vendors can still be done (not proprietary). With large data rates (up to 70 MBps), WiMAX can be applied to a broadband 'last mile', or backhaul.

ISP stands for Internet service providers or Internet service Provider (abbreviated ISP) is a company or entity that provides services for Internet connectivity and other related services. Most telephone companies are Internet service providers. They provide services such as connection to the Internet, domain name registration and hosting.
ISP has a network both domestically and internationally so that customers or users of the connection provided by your ISP to connect to the global Internet network. Network here in the form of media that can stream data transmission that can be either wired (modems, leased cable and broadband), radio, and VSAT.

Proxy server (proxy server) is a computer server or computer programs that can act as another computer to make requests to the content from the Internet or an intranet.
Proxy Server acts as a gateway to the world the Internet to every client computer. Proxy servers are not visible to the client computer: a user who interacts with the Internet via a proxy server will not know that a proxy server is handling requests are done. Web server that receives requests from the proxy server will interpret these requests as if the request came directly from the client computer, instead of the proxy server.
Proxy servers can also be used to secure private network that is connected to a public network (like internet). Proxy servers have more functions than a router that features packet filtering because it is a proxy server is operating at a higher level and have a more comprehensive control of network access. Proxy servers that function as a "security agent" for a private network, commonly known as a firewall.

The subnet mask is the term information technology in the English language that refers to the 32-bit binary number that is used to distinguish the network ID with the host ID, indicating the location of a host, whether on a local network or outside network.

NAT stands for Network Address Translation is a method to connect more than one computer to the Internet network using a single IP address. Number of use of this method due to limited availability of IP addresses, the need for security (security), and the ease and flexibility in network administration.

Bandwidth / width ribbon (English: bandwidth) in communication technology is the difference between the lowest frequency and highest frequency within a certain range. For example, a phone line has a bandwidth of 3000Hz (Hertz), which is the range between the highest frequency (3300Hz) and the lowest frequency (300Hz) that can pass by this telephone line.
Bandwidth Computer Inside Computer networks, Bandwidth is often used as a synonym for data transfer rate is the amount of data that can be taken from a point to another within a specified period (usually within seconds). Type Bandwidth is usually measured in bps (bits per second). Sometimes also expressed in Bps (bytes per second). A modem that works at 57.600 bps Bandwidth has two times larger than the modem that works at 28.800 bps. In general, connections with large bandwidth / high enables the delivery of great information such as sending pictures / images in a video presentation.

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a protocol-based client / server architecture that is used to facilitate the allocation of IP addresses in one network. A local network that does not use DHCP to give IP addresses to all computers manually. If DHCP is installed on the local network, all computers that are connected in a network will get an IP address automatically from a DHCP server. In addition to IP addresses, many network parameters that may be provided by DHCP, such as default gateway and DNS server.

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application layer network protocol used for distributed information systems, collaborative, and using hypermedia. Its use in making a lot of resources that are connected by links, called hypertext document, which then form the World Wide Web in 1990 by British physicist Tim Berners-Lee. Until now, there are two major versions of the HTTP protocol, which uses HTTP/1.0 separate connection for each document, and HTTP/1.1 that can use the same connection to perform transactions. Thus, HTTP/1.1 can be faster because it does not have to waste time making repeated connections.

IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol is a standard protocol to access / retrieve e-mail from the server. IMAP allows users to choose an e-mail message that he will take, make a folder on the server, looking for a specific e-mail messages, even delete e-mail messages that exist.
This ability is much better than POP (Post Office Protocol), which only allows us to take / download all the messages that there is no exception.

QoS stands for Quality of Service is a mechanism that allows network applications or services can operate as expected.
The performance of computer networks may vary due to several problems, as well as problems of bandwidth, latency and jitter, which can make a pretty big effect for many applications. For example, voice communications (like VoIP or IP Telephony) and streaming video can make users frustrated when the application is streamed data packets over a network with insufficient bandwidth, with latency that can not be predicted, or excessive jitter. Features Quality of Service (QoS) can make the bandwidth, latency, and jitter can be predicted and matched with the needs of applications that are used in the existing network.

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is one of the commonly used protocol for sending electronic mail on the Internet. This protocol used to transmit computer data from the sender to the recipient's mail server.
This protocol arose because the design of electronic mail systems that require electronic mail server that housed temporarily until retrieved by the recipient's electronic mail are eligible.

e-mail or electronic mail (abbreviated ratel, ratron, email, or e-mail) or mail a digital or electronic mail (abbreviated post-el) or a general name in English "e-mail or e-mail" (spelling Indonesia: e-mail) is a means to send to send a letter through the computer network (eg internet).

NIS stands for Network Information System in the Indonesian language means the network information system is a protocol that is used for naming and directory service offered in some UNIX platforms.
NIS serves as a "phone book" that can be used to locate resources in a network based on TCP / IP. Therefore, the original name of the NIS protocol is Yellow Pages. NIS allows users and applications are distributed over the network to find and access files and applications anywhere on the network by accessing a central server NIS. Information provided by the NIS server instance is the password file (/ etc / passwd), the host table (/ etc / hosts), and e-mail address.
NIS operates by sending data packets are broadcast, and on most UNIX platforms, the NIS client can communicate with the NIS server by using Remote Procedure Call protocol that runs over the transport layer protocol User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Implementation of the NIS service was initially not very good in terms of safety. For this reason, a lot of server NIS in a UNIX-based networks are often attacked. Sun Microsystems is also developing a new NIS protocol, referred to as NIS + which includes several security features (which is not owned by the NIS), although less popular.

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a software protocol to enable all people to find resources organizations, individuals and others, such as files or printers on the network either on the internet or intranet. LDAP protocol to form a directory containing a hierarchy tree that has branches, ranging from country (countries), the organization, up to individual departments. By using LDAP, one can find information about others without knowing the location of people who will find it.

Ping (sometimes referred to as the acronym for Packet Internet Gopher) is a utility program that can be used to check network connectivity technology-based Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP). By using this utility, can be tested whether a computer is connected to other computers. This is done by sending a packet to the IP address you want tested connectivity and waiting for a response from him.

MAC address stands for Media Access Control Address is a network address that is implemented on data-link layer in the OSI seven layer model, which represents a particular node in the network. In an Ethernet-based network, the MAC address is a unique address which has a length of 48-bit (6 bytes) which identifies a computer, the interface in a router, or other nodes in the network. MAC Address is also often referred to as the Ethernet address, physical address or hardware address.

ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol is a protocol in the TCP / IP protocol suite that is responsible in performing IP address resolution into the address Media Access Control (MAC Address).

NetBIOS is a name that is sized 16-byte used by the Windows NT family of operating systems for a function or service network. NetBIOS name used by applications that use the NetBIOS service protocols and APIs. Using the NetBIOS name is much easier and more friendly to identify a host computer in a network instead of using the numbers (in this case is the IP address). NetBIOS names can be used in Windows NT applications, ranging from Windows Explorer, Network Neighborhood, as well as command-line command net (net start, net stop, net send, etc.).

WWW stands for Waring Wera Wanua or World Wide Web is an information space that is used by global identifiers called Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) to identify resources useful. WWW is often considered the same with the Internet as a whole, although it is really part thereof

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator (translated: Pelokasi Uniform Resource), is a sequence of characters according to a certain standard formats, used to indicate the address of a source such as documents and images on the Internet.

RIP stands for Routing Information Protocol is a dynamic routing protocol used in a LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network). Therefore, this protocol is classified as Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). This protocol uses algorithms Distance-Vector Routing.

Address IPv4 or IP version 4 is a type of network addressing used in the network protocol TCP / IP using the IP protocol version 4. Total length is 32-bit, and theoretically can put address up to 4 billion or more precisely the host computer 4,294,967,296 hosts in the world, the number of hosts was obtained from 256 (obtained from 8-bit) dipangkat 4 (because there are 4 octets) so that the value alamt maximum of IP version 4 is 255 255 255 255 where the value is calculated from zero so that the host value that can be accommodated is 256x256x256x256 = 4,294,967,296 hosts. so that when the hosts around the world exceeds the quota then be made to IP version 6 or IPv6.
Examples of IP version 4 addresses is 192.168.0.3.

IPv6 or IP address version 6 is a type of network addressing used in the network protocol TCP / IP using the IP protocol version 6. Total length is 128-bit, and theoretically can put address up to 2128 = 3.4 x 1038 host computers around the world. Examples of IP address version 6 is 21DA: 00D3: 0000:2 F3B: 02AA: 00FF: FE28: 9C5A.

GPRS (English abbreviation: General Packet Radio Service, GPRS) is a technology that allows sending and receiving data faster than the use of technology Circuit Switch Data, or CSD. Merging cellular phone service with GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) to produce a new generation of so-called 2.5G. GPRS system can be used to transfer data (in the form of data packets) are associated with e-mail, data, picture (MMS), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), and the World Wide Web (WWW).

HSDPA stands for High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access is a mobile protocol and is sometimes referred to as the technology of 3.5 G.
HSDPA is an evolution of W-CDMA standard and is designed to increase data transfer speeds 5x higher. HSDPA channel memdefinisikan a new W-CDMA, namely high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) which mode of operation is different from W-CDMA channels that exist today. Until now the use of HSDPA technology at the direction of communication down to a cell phone.

3G stands for Third-Generation Technology is a standard defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) adopted the IMT-2000 to be applied in mobile phone network. This term is generally used in reference to the development of wireless phone technology to a third version. Through the 3G mobile phone users to have quick access to the internet with a bandwidth of up to 384 kilobits per second while the tool is at rest or moving as fast as pedestrians. Rapid access is a mainstay of 3G is certainly capable of providing a variety of facilities to users such as watching videos directly from the Internet or talk with others using video. 3G defeat all his predecessors, both GSM and GPRS. Some companies will make the 3G mobile world as the new standard of wireless network on the market or developing countries.

IGMP stands for Internet Group Management Protocol is a network protocol in a collection of protocols Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) that works on the network layer that is used to inform the routers IP on the existence of group-group multicast network. Once a router to know that there are some hosts in a network that is connected locally incorporated into a particular multicast group, the router will disseminate this information by using the IGMP protocol to the other routers in an internetwork so that multicast messages can be forwarded to the appropriate router. IGMP is then used to maintain multicast group membership on the local subnet to a multicast IP address.

The hub is a computer networking device that serves to connect the equipment with 10BaseT Ethernet or fiber optics that make it in a single network segment. Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) on the OSI model.

Network switch (or switch for short) is a networking tool that perform transparent bridging (connective tissue segmentation lot with forwarding based on MAC address).
Network switches can be used as a liaison computer or router on one limited area, the switch also works on data link layer, how the switch is almost the same as bridge, but the switches have a number of ports that are often called multi-port bridge.

DSLAM stands for Digital subscriber line access multiplexer, is a device which functions to combine and separate the data signal with the phone line used to transmit data, this equipment is located on the edge of the nearest telephone exchange. Also serves as a multiplexer. This device is a requirement in the implementation of the network Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

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