Programming Language
I. Programming language
Computers are machines that can perform a set of basic commands (instruction set). Computers can only be given a command that consists of these basic commands. The commands are more complicated (eg sort a list in alphabetical order) should be translated into a series of basic commands that a computer can understand (the commands are included in the instruction set computer) which can ultimately mennyelesaikan desired task, although executed with some basic operations, rather than one complex operation.
Programming Language is a notation that is used to describe the process of computing in a format that can be read by computers and humans. Computational process is generally defined formally using mathematical concepts of Turing machine. Basically programming language designed to facilitate communication between man and computer.
If defined, the programming language, or often termed also with computer language, is the technique of command / instruction standards to govern the computer. This programming language is a set of rules of syntax and semantics used to define computer programs. This language allows a programmer to specify exactly which data to be processed by the computer, how this data will be stored / transmitted, and precisely what kind of steps to be taken in various situations.
II. Levels of Programming Languages
1. Language Machine (Machine Languages)
Machine language or machine code is the only computer language that can be directly understood by the CPU. Machine language is written in a series of bits (binary numbers, ie numbers which only have the numbers 1 and 0). Some bit patterns stored in the microprocessor as an operation code (opcode), which means ordering the CPU perform certain operations (such as arithmetic operations or memory accesses), while the other bit patterns may indicate a memory location (memory address), and the pattern another bit-pattern can mean a number. Other languages through interpreters or compilers translated into this language before being executed by the CPU.• Advantages: quick execution• Disadvantages: difficult to study human Sangant
2. Assembly language (Assembly Languages / mnemonic code)
Assembly language is a low-level programming language that gives nicknames-nickname (mnemonics) on operations in the list of instructions (isntruction sets) computer, for computer programs in more easily understood by humans rather than a set of numbers 1 and 0.Assembly language is a language of symbols of the machine language. Each machine language code has its own symbol in assembly language. For example, ADD to the sum, to multiplication MUL, SUB for subtraction, and others. A set of assembly language code to form a makroinstruksi. Assembly language also has program debug his opinion, unlike machine language. For example: Turbo Assembler and debug in DOS. Assembler will match the token symbol from the beginning till the end, then encoded into machine language.• Pros: fast execution, it is still easier to learn than the language of the machine, very small file size• Disadvantages: Still less friendly to be learned (note resembles human language), the program is very long.
3. High Level Language (High Level Languages)
High level programming language is a programming language when compared with low-level programming languages have properties easier to use, more portable (easily adaptable) cross-platform, and more abstract. The languages of this kind often make abstraction of multiple CPU operation, as well as memory accesses.in addition, high-level language is a programming language that is higher than assembly language. This language is closer to human language. This language also provides a lot of facilities ease of programming, such as: variables, data types, constants, control structures, loops, functions, procedures and others. Example: Pascal, Basic, C + +, and Java.• Advantages:o Easy to learno Approaching the problem to be solvedo Code of short courses• Disadvantage: slow execution
III. Sign language programmers
The following is a list of computer programming language:• There• ALGOL• Assembly• BASIC:o ASPo BASICo Comalo Visual Basico Visual Basic for Applicationso VBScript• Batch (MS-DOS)• COBOL• UNIX shell script:o Bourne shell (sh) scripto The Bourne-Again shell (bash) scripto Korn shell (ksh) scripto C shell (csh) script• C:o C + +o C #o Visual C + +• ColdFusion• dBase et al.:o Clippero Foxbaseo FoxProo Visual FoxPro• Eiffel• FORTRAN• Haskell• Javao JavaScripto JSP• Lisp• Logo• Pascalo Delphi• Perl• Prologue• Python• PHP• Pike• R• REXX• REBOL• RPG• Ruby• Simula• Smalltalk• Scheme• SQL
Source:http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman
Computers are machines that can perform a set of basic commands (instruction set). Computers can only be given a command that consists of these basic commands. The commands are more complicated (eg sort a list in alphabetical order) should be translated into a series of basic commands that a computer can understand (the commands are included in the instruction set computer) which can ultimately mennyelesaikan desired task, although executed with some basic operations, rather than one complex operation.
Programming Language is a notation that is used to describe the process of computing in a format that can be read by computers and humans. Computational process is generally defined formally using mathematical concepts of Turing machine. Basically programming language designed to facilitate communication between man and computer.
If defined, the programming language, or often termed also with computer language, is the technique of command / instruction standards to govern the computer. This programming language is a set of rules of syntax and semantics used to define computer programs. This language allows a programmer to specify exactly which data to be processed by the computer, how this data will be stored / transmitted, and precisely what kind of steps to be taken in various situations.
II. Levels of Programming Languages
1. Language Machine (Machine Languages)
Machine language or machine code is the only computer language that can be directly understood by the CPU. Machine language is written in a series of bits (binary numbers, ie numbers which only have the numbers 1 and 0). Some bit patterns stored in the microprocessor as an operation code (opcode), which means ordering the CPU perform certain operations (such as arithmetic operations or memory accesses), while the other bit patterns may indicate a memory location (memory address), and the pattern another bit-pattern can mean a number. Other languages through interpreters or compilers translated into this language before being executed by the CPU.• Advantages: quick execution• Disadvantages: difficult to study human Sangant
2. Assembly language (Assembly Languages / mnemonic code)
Assembly language is a low-level programming language that gives nicknames-nickname (mnemonics) on operations in the list of instructions (isntruction sets) computer, for computer programs in more easily understood by humans rather than a set of numbers 1 and 0.Assembly language is a language of symbols of the machine language. Each machine language code has its own symbol in assembly language. For example, ADD to the sum, to multiplication MUL, SUB for subtraction, and others. A set of assembly language code to form a makroinstruksi. Assembly language also has program debug his opinion, unlike machine language. For example: Turbo Assembler and debug in DOS. Assembler will match the token symbol from the beginning till the end, then encoded into machine language.• Pros: fast execution, it is still easier to learn than the language of the machine, very small file size• Disadvantages: Still less friendly to be learned (note resembles human language), the program is very long.
3. High Level Language (High Level Languages)
High level programming language is a programming language when compared with low-level programming languages have properties easier to use, more portable (easily adaptable) cross-platform, and more abstract. The languages of this kind often make abstraction of multiple CPU operation, as well as memory accesses.in addition, high-level language is a programming language that is higher than assembly language. This language is closer to human language. This language also provides a lot of facilities ease of programming, such as: variables, data types, constants, control structures, loops, functions, procedures and others. Example: Pascal, Basic, C + +, and Java.• Advantages:o Easy to learno Approaching the problem to be solvedo Code of short courses• Disadvantage: slow execution
III. Sign language programmers
The following is a list of computer programming language:• There• ALGOL• Assembly• BASIC:o ASPo BASICo Comalo Visual Basico Visual Basic for Applicationso VBScript• Batch (MS-DOS)• COBOL• UNIX shell script:o Bourne shell (sh) scripto The Bourne-Again shell (bash) scripto Korn shell (ksh) scripto C shell (csh) script• C:o C + +o C #o Visual C + +• ColdFusion• dBase et al.:o Clippero Foxbaseo FoxProo Visual FoxPro• Eiffel• FORTRAN• Haskell• Javao JavaScripto JSP• Lisp• Logo• Pascalo Delphi• Perl• Prologue• Python• PHP• Pike• R• REXX• REBOL• RPG• Ruby• Simula• Smalltalk• Scheme• SQL
Source:http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman
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